Add stats & leaderboard menus and lobby items

Add StatsMenu and LeaderboardMenu GUI implementations and wire them into the lobby hotbar. LobbyItemManager now builds a tutorial written-book, a player-head Profile & Stats item, and a leaderboard gold-ingot item, tags them with PDC keys, and opens the appropriate menu or book on interact. Leaderboard loads top-10 asynchronously from the stats manager. Also add corresponding language keys for item names/lores and menu titles.

src/main/kotlin/club/mcscrims/speedhg/game/modules/LobbyItemManager.kt

@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@ import club.mcscrims.speedhg.game.GameState
 import club.mcscrims.speedhg.game.modules.LobbyItemManager.Companion.TAG_KITS
 import club.mcscrims.speedhg.game.modules.LobbyItemManager.Companion.TAG_PERKS
 import club.mcscrims.speedhg.gui.menu.KitSelectorMenu
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.gui.menu.LeaderboardMenu
 import club.mcscrims.speedhg.gui.menu.PerkSelectorMenu
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.gui.menu.StatsMenu
 import club.mcscrims.speedhg.util.ItemBuilder
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.format.TextDecoration
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.minimessage.MiniMessage
 import org.bukkit.Material
 import org.bukkit.NamespacedKey
 import org.bukkit.entity.Player
@@ -20,14 +24,19 @@ import org.bukkit.event.player.PlayerInteractEvent
 import org.bukkit.event.player.PlayerJoinEvent
 import org.bukkit.inventory.EquipmentSlot
 import org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack
+import org.bukkit.inventory.meta.BookMeta
+import org.bukkit.inventory.meta.SkullMeta
 import org.bukkit.persistence.PersistentDataType
 
 /**
  * Manages interactive lobby hotbar items for the LOBBY and STARTING phases.
  *
  * ## Items
- * - Slot 0: Kit selector  (CHEST)
+ * - Slot 0: Kit selector    (CHEST)
- * - Slot 1: Perk selector (ENDER_CHEST)
+ * - Slot 1: Perk selector   (ENDER_CHEST)
+ * - Slot 4: Tutorial Book   (WRITTEN_BOOK)
+ * - Slot 7: Profile & Stats (PLAYER_HEAD)
+ * - Slot 8: Leaderboard     (GOLD_INGOT)
  *
  * ## PDC tagging
  * Each item is tagged with [KEY_LOBBY_ITEM] → a String value identifying which
@@ -42,6 +51,8 @@ class LobbyItemManager(
 	private val plugin: SpeedHG
 ) : Listener {
 
+	private val mm = MiniMessage.miniMessage()
+
 	// ── PDC keys ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 	/** Key stored on every lobby item; value identifies the target menu. */
@@ -50,6 +61,9 @@ class LobbyItemManager(
 	companion object {
 		const val TAG_KITS = "kits"
 		const val TAG_PERKS = "perks"
+		const val TAG_TUTORIAL    = "tutorial"
+		const val TAG_STATS       = "stats"
+		const val TAG_LEADERBOARD = "leaderboard"
 	}
 
 	// ── Item definitions ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -82,6 +96,55 @@ class LobbyItemManager(
 			.build()
 	}
 
+	fun buildTutorialItem(
+		player: Player
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		return ItemBuilder( Material.WRITTEN_BOOK )
+			.name(plugin.languageManager.getComponent( player, "game.lobby-items.tutorial.name", mapOf() ))
+			.lore(listOf(plugin.languageManager.getRawMessage( player, "game.lobby-items.tutorial.lore" )))
+			.pdc( key, PersistentDataType.STRING, TAG_TUTORIAL )
+			.build()
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Builds the Profile & Stats lobby item.
+	 * Uses [SkullMeta] to display the player's own skin, requiring manual
+	 * PDC tagging outside of [ItemBuilder] which does not support skull meta.
+	 */
+	fun buildStatsItem(
+		player: Player
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		val item = ItemStack( Material.PLAYER_HEAD )
+		item.editMeta { meta ->
+			if ( meta is SkullMeta )
+				meta.owningPlayer = player
+
+			meta.displayName(
+				plugin.languageManager.getComponent( player, "game.lobby-items.stats.name", mapOf() )
+			)
+
+			meta.lore(listOf(
+				mm.deserialize(plugin.languageManager.getRawMessage( player, "game.lobby-items.stats.lore" ))
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			))
+			meta.persistentDataContainer.set( key, PersistentDataType.STRING, TAG_STATS )
+		}
+		return item
+	}
+
+	fun buildLeaderboardItem(
+		player: Player
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		return ItemBuilder( Material.GOLD_INGOT )
+			.name(plugin.languageManager.getComponent( player, "game.lobby-items.leaderboard.name", mapOf() ))
+			.lore(listOf(plugin.languageManager.getRawMessage( player, "game.lobby-items.leaderboard.lore" )))
+			.pdc( key, PersistentDataType.STRING, TAG_LEADERBOARD )
+			.build()
+	}
+
 	// ── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 	/**
@@ -96,6 +159,9 @@ class LobbyItemManager(
 		player.inventory.clear()
 		player.inventory.setItem( 0, buildKitItem( player ))
 		player.inventory.setItem( 1, buildPerkItem( player ))
+		player.inventory.setItem( 4, buildTutorialItem( player ))
+		player.inventory.setItem( 7, buildStatsItem( player ))
+		player.inventory.setItem( 8, buildLeaderboardItem( player ))
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -144,6 +210,41 @@ class LobbyItemManager(
 		else -> false
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Opens a written book UI for the player explaining core SpeedHG mechanincs.
+	 * The book is never placed in the player's inventory - it is opened directly.
+	 */
+	private fun openTutorialBook(
+		player: Player
+	) {
+		val book = ItemStack( Material.WRITTEN_BOOK )
+
+		book.editMeta { meta ->
+			if ( meta !is BookMeta ) return@editMeta
+
+			meta.title(mm.deserialize( "<yellow><bold>SpeedHG - How to play</bold></yellow>" ))
+			meta.author(mm.deserialize( "<gold>McScrims Network</gold>" ))
+
+			meta.addPages(
+				mm.deserialize(
+					"<gold><bold>Welcome!</bold></gold>\n\n" +
+							"<black>SpeedHG is a fast-paced Hunger Games mode.\n\n" +
+							"Gather resources, pick a Kit, and be the last player standing. " +
+							"The border shrinks over time — stay alert!</black>"
+				),
+				mm.deserialize(
+					"<gold><bold>Kits & Perks</bold></gold>\n\n" +
+							"<black>Open the Kit selector (hotbar slot 1) to choose your Kit " +
+							"and Playstyle.\n\n" +
+							"Open the Perk selector (slot 2) to pick up to 2 passive Perks. " +
+							"Combine them wisely!\n\nGood luck!</black>"
+				)
+			)
+		}
+
+		player.openBook( book )
+	}
+
 	// ── Event handlers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 	/**
@@ -187,8 +288,11 @@ class LobbyItemManager(
 
 		when( tag )
 		{
-			TAG_KITS  -> KitSelectorMenu( event.player ).open( event.player )
+			TAG_KITS        -> KitSelectorMenu( event.player ).open( event.player )
-			TAG_PERKS -> PerkSelectorMenu( event.player ).open( event.player )
+			TAG_PERKS       -> PerkSelectorMenu( event.player ).open( event.player )
+			TAG_TUTORIAL    -> openTutorialBook( event.player )
+			TAG_STATS       -> StatsMenu( event.player ).open( event.player )
+			TAG_LEADERBOARD -> LeaderboardMenu( event.player ).open( event.player )
 		}
 	}
 

src/main/kotlin/club/mcscrims/speedhg/gui/menu/LeaderboardMenu.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package club.mcscrims.speedhg.gui.menu
+
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.SpeedHG
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.database.PlayerStats
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.ranking.Rank
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.util.trans
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.Component
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.format.TextDecoration
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.minimessage.MiniMessage
+import org.bukkit.Material
+import org.bukkit.entity.Player
+import org.bukkit.event.inventory.InventoryClickEvent
+import org.bukkit.inventory.Inventory
+import org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack
+
+/**
+ * Displays the top 10 players by Scrim Score in a 5-row (45-slot) inventory.
+ *
+ * ## Layout (rows 0–4)
+ * ```
+ * [F][F][#1][#2][#3][#4][#5][F][F]   ← Row 0: places 1-5 (slots 2-6)
+ * [F][F][#6][#7][#8][#9][#10][F][F]  ← Row 1: places 6-10 (slots 11-15)
+ * [F][F][F][F][F][F][F][F][F]        ← Row 2: filler
+ * [F][F][F][F][F][F][F][F][F]        ← Row 3: filler
+ * [F][F][F][F][F][F][F][F][X]        ← Row 4: close at slot 44
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Loading strategy
+ * The inventory opens immediately with animated "Loading…" placeholders,
+ * then [StatsManager.getLeaderboard] populates the real entries via its
+ * Main-Thread callback — no blocking, no perceivable delay.
+ */
+class LeaderboardMenu(
+	private val player: Player
+) : Menu(
+	rows  = 5,
+	title = player.trans( "gui.leaderboard_menu.title" )
+) {
+
+	private val plugin get() = SpeedHG.instance
+	private val mm = MiniMessage.miniMessage()
+
+	companion object {
+		private const val SLOT_CLOSE = 44
+
+		/** Slots occupied by the top-10 entries, in placement order. */
+		private val ENTRY_SLOTS = listOf( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 )
+
+		/** MiniMessage color tags per placement index (0-based). */
+		private val PLACEMENT_COLORS = listOf(
+			"<gold>", "<gray>", "<#CD7F32>",
+			"<white>", "<white>", "<white>",
+			"<white>", "<white>", "<white>", "<white>"
+		)
+
+		/** Display prefixes per placement index (0-based). */
+		private val PLACEMENT_LABELS = listOf(
+			"🥇", "🥈", "🥉",
+			"4.", "5.", "6.", "7.", "8.", "9.", "10."
+		)
+
+		/** Block material used as background per placement (1-based). */
+		private fun materialFor(
+			placement: Int
+		): Material = when( placement )
+		{
+			1    -> Material.GOLD_BLOCK
+			2    -> Material.IRON_BLOCK
+			3    -> Material.COPPER_BLOCK
+			else -> Material.STONE
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ── Build ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+	override fun build(): Inventory = createInventory( title ).also { buildSkeleton( it ) }
+
+	/**
+	 * Fills the inventory with filler + loading placeholders, then immediately
+	 * triggers an async leaderboard fetch whose Main-Thread callback populates
+	 * the real entries into the already-open inventory.
+	 */
+	private fun buildSkeleton(
+		inv: Inventory
+	) {
+		inv.clear()
+
+		val filler = buildFiller()
+		repeat( 45 ) { inv.setItem( it, filler ) }
+
+		ENTRY_SLOTS.forEachIndexed { index, slot ->
+			inv.setItem( slot, buildLoadingItem( index + 1 ) )
+		}
+
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_CLOSE, buildCloseItem() )
+
+		// Fetch top-10 asynchronously; callback already dispatched to Main Thread
+		plugin.statsManager.getLeaderboard( limit = 10 ) { entries ->
+			populateEntries( inv, entries )
+		}
+	}
+
+	private fun populateEntries(
+		inv: Inventory,
+		entries: List<PlayerStats>
+	) {
+		ENTRY_SLOTS.forEachIndexed { index, slot ->
+			val stats = entries.getOrNull( index )
+			inv.setItem(
+				slot,
+				if ( stats != null ) buildEntryItem( index, stats )
+				else                 buildEmptySlot( index + 1 )
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ── Click handling ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+	override fun onClick(
+		event: InventoryClickEvent,
+		player: Player
+	) {
+		val slot = event.rawSlot
+		if ( slot !in 0 until size ) return
+		if ( slot == SLOT_CLOSE ) player.closeInventory()
+	}
+
+	// ── Item builders ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+	private fun buildEntryItem(
+		index: Int,
+		stats: PlayerStats
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		val placement = index + 1
+		val color     = PLACEMENT_COLORS.getOrElse( index ) { "<white>" }
+		val label     = PLACEMENT_LABELS.getOrElse( index ) { "${placement}." }
+		val score     = stats.scrimScore
+		val games     = stats.wins + stats.losses
+		val rankTag   = Rank.getFormattedRankTag( score, games )
+
+		val item = ItemStack( materialFor( placement ) )
+		item.editMeta { meta ->
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "$label $color<bold>${stats.name}</bold><reset>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+			meta.lore(listOf(
+				Component.empty(),
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>Rank:    </gray>$rankTag" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>Score:   <white>${score} RR</white></gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>Kills:   <white>${stats.kills}</white></gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>K/D:     <white>${stats.formattedKD}</white></gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>Wins:    <white>${stats.wins}</white></gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>Win Rate: <white>${stats.formattedWinRate}</white></gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				Component.empty()
+			))
+		}
+		return item
+	}
+
+	private fun buildLoadingItem(
+		placement: Int
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		val item = ItemStack( Material.GRAY_STAINED_GLASS_PANE )
+		item.editMeta { meta ->
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>#$placement — <italic>Loading…</italic></gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+		}
+		return item
+	}
+
+	private fun buildEmptySlot(
+		placement: Int
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		val item = ItemStack( Material.BARRIER )
+		item.editMeta { meta ->
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>#$placement — <red>No Data</red></gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+		}
+		return item
+	}
+
+	private fun buildFiller(): ItemStack = ItemStack( Material.BLACK_STAINED_GLASS_PANE ).apply {
+		editMeta { it.displayName( Component.text( " " ).decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ) ) }
+	}
+
+	private fun buildCloseItem(): ItemStack = ItemStack( Material.DARK_OAK_DOOR ).apply {
+		editMeta { meta ->
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "<red>✕ Close</red>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+}

src/main/kotlin/club/mcscrims/speedhg/gui/menu/StatsMenu.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package club.mcscrims.speedhg.gui.menu
+
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.SpeedHG
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.ranking.Rank
+import club.mcscrims.speedhg.util.trans
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.Component
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.format.TextDecoration
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.minimessage.MiniMessage
+import org.bukkit.Material
+import org.bukkit.entity.Player
+import org.bukkit.event.inventory.InventoryClickEvent
+import org.bukkit.inventory.Inventory
+import org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack
+import org.bukkit.inventory.meta.SkullMeta
+
+/**
+ * Displays a player's personal statistics in a 3-row (27-slot) inventory.
+ *
+ * ## Layout
+ * ```
+ * [F][F][F][F][HEAD][F][F][F][F]   ← Row 0: Player head at slot 4
+ * [K][F][D][F][ W ][F][L][F][KD]   ← Row 1: Kills / Deaths / Wins / Losses / K/D
+ * [F][F][SC][F][RK][F][WR][F][ X]  ← Row 2: Score / Rank / Win Rate / Close
+ * ```
+ *
+ * All stats are read from the in-memory [StatsManager] cache — no DB call.
+ */
+class StatsMenu(
+	private val player: Player
+) : Menu(
+	rows  = 3,
+	title = player.trans( "gui.stats_menu.title" )
+) {
+
+	private val plugin get() = SpeedHG.instance
+	private val mm = MiniMessage.miniMessage()
+
+	companion object {
+		private const val SLOT_HEAD     = 4
+
+		private const val SLOT_KILLS    = 9
+		private const val SLOT_DEATHS   = 11
+		private const val SLOT_WINS     = 13
+		private const val SLOT_LOSSES   = 15
+		private const val SLOT_KD       = 17
+
+		private const val SLOT_SCORE    = 20
+		private const val SLOT_RANK     = 22
+		private const val SLOT_WIN_RATE = 24
+		private const val SLOT_CLOSE    = 26
+	}
+
+	// ── Build ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+	override fun build(): Inventory = createInventory( title ).also { populate( it ) }
+
+	private fun populate(
+		inv: Inventory
+	) {
+		inv.clear()
+
+		val filler = buildFiller()
+		repeat( 27 ) { inv.setItem( it, filler ) }
+
+		// ── Fetch cached stats ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+		val stats  = plugin.statsManager.getCachedStats( player.uniqueId )
+		val kills  = stats?.kills ?: 0
+		val deaths = stats?.deaths ?: 0
+		val wins   = stats?.wins ?: 0
+		val losses = stats?.losses ?: 0
+		val kd     = stats?.formattedKD ?: "0.00"
+		val score  = stats?.scrimScore ?: 0
+		val wr     = stats?.formattedWinRate ?: "0.0%"
+		val games  = wins + losses
+		val rank   = Rank.fromPlayer( score, games )
+		val rankTag = Rank.getFormattedRankTag( score, games )
+
+		// ── Populate items ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_HEAD, buildPlayerHead() )
+
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_KILLS,    buildStatItem( Material.IRON_SWORD,         "<green>Kills",    "$kills" ) )
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_DEATHS,   buildStatItem( Material.SKELETON_SKULL,     "<red>Deaths",     "$deaths" ) )
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_WINS,     buildStatItem( Material.GOLDEN_APPLE,       "<gold>Wins",      "$wins" ) )
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_LOSSES,   buildStatItem( Material.BARRIER,            "<red>Losses",     "$losses" ) )
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_KD,       buildStatItem( Material.BLAZE_ROD,          "<yellow>K/D",     "$kd" ) )
+
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_SCORE,    buildStatItem( Material.NETHER_STAR,        "<aqua>Scrim Score",   "$score RR" ) )
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_RANK,     buildRankItem( rank, rankTag ) )
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_WIN_RATE, buildStatItem( Material.EXPERIENCE_BOTTLE,  "<green>Win Rate", "$wr" ) )
+
+		inv.setItem( SLOT_CLOSE, buildCloseItem() )
+	}
+
+	// ── Click handling ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+	override fun onClick(
+		event: InventoryClickEvent,
+		player: Player
+	) {
+		val slot = event.rawSlot
+		if ( slot !in 0 until size ) return
+		if ( slot == SLOT_CLOSE ) player.closeInventory()
+	}
+
+	// ── Item builders ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+	private fun buildPlayerHead(): ItemStack
+	{
+		val item = ItemStack( Material.PLAYER_HEAD )
+		item.editMeta { meta ->
+			if ( meta is SkullMeta )
+				meta.owningPlayer = player
+
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "<aqua><bold>${player.name}</bold></aqua>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+			meta.lore(listOf(
+				Component.empty(),
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>Your personal statistics.</gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				Component.empty()
+			))
+		}
+		return item
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Builds a generic stat glass-pane item with a [label] and a [value] line in the lore.
+	 */
+	private fun buildStatItem(
+		material: Material,
+		label: String,
+		value: String
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		val item = ItemStack( material )
+		item.editMeta { meta ->
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "<gray>$label</gray>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+			meta.lore(listOf(
+				Component.empty(),
+				mm.deserialize( "<white>  $value</white>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				Component.empty()
+			))
+		}
+		return item
+	}
+
+	private fun buildRankItem(
+		rank: Rank,
+		rankTag: String
+	): ItemStack
+	{
+		val item = ItemStack( Material.DIAMOND )
+		item.editMeta { meta ->
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "<light_purple>Rank</light_purple>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+			meta.lore(listOf(
+				Component.empty(),
+				mm.deserialize( "  $rankTag" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ),
+				Component.empty()
+			))
+		}
+		return item
+	}
+
+	private fun buildFiller(): ItemStack = ItemStack( Material.GRAY_STAINED_GLASS_PANE ).apply {
+		editMeta { it.displayName( Component.text( " " ).decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false ) ) }
+	}
+
+	private fun buildCloseItem(): ItemStack = ItemStack( Material.DARK_OAK_DOOR ).apply {
+		editMeta { meta ->
+			meta.displayName(
+				mm.deserialize( "<red>✕ Close</red>" )
+					.decoration( TextDecoration.ITALIC, false )
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+}

src/main/resources/languages/en_US.yml

@@ -23,6 +23,15 @@ game:
       name: '<gold><bold>Kits</bold></gold> <gray>(right-click)</gray>'
     perks:
       name: '<light_purple><bold>Perks</bold></light_purple> <gray>(right-click)</gray>'
+    tutorial:
+      name: '<yellow><bold>How to Play</bold></yellow>'
+      lore: '<gray>Read me to understand the game!</gray>'
+    stats:
+      name: '<aqua><bold>Profile & Stats</bold></aqua>'
+      lore: '<gray>View your personal statistics.</gray>'
+    leaderboard:
+      name: '<gold><bold>Top 10 Leaderboard</bold></gold>'
+      lore: '<gray>Who are the best players?</gray>'
 
 ranking:
   placement_progress: '<prefix><gray>Placement <aqua><current>/<total></aqua> — Placed <aqua>#<placement></aqua> · <aqua><kills></aqua> Kill(s)</gray>'
@@ -218,6 +227,10 @@ gui:
     selected: '<green>Equipped: <perk><green>!'
     deselected: '<red>Unequipped: <perk><red>!'
     close: '<red>✕ Close</red>'
+  stats_menu:
+    title: '<aqua><bold>Profile & Stats</bold></aqua>'
+  leaderboard_menu:
+    title: '<gold><bold>Top 10 Leaderboard</bold></gold>'
 
 perks:
   oracle: